Targeted Therapy is a form of cancer treatment that uses drugs designed to target specific molecules involved in tumour growth. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, it attacks cancer cells selectively, minimising damage to healthy tissues. It is effective for cancers such as lung, breast, colon, and kidney cancers with known genetic markers. Targeted therapy works by blocking growth signals, inhibiting blood vessel formation, or triggering cancer cell death. Some therapies are oral medications, while others are intravenous infusions, depending on the treatment protocol. This approach is often personalised, guided by genetic testing and tumour profiling. Patients may experience fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy, though monitoring is essential. Targeted therapy can be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy. It has transformed the management of metastatic and resistant cancers, offering new hope for patients. Physicians carefully evaluate tumour genetics to select the most effective therapy. Clinical research and trials continue to expand the range of targetable cancers. Patient adherence and regular follow-up are critical for optimal results. Targeted therapy emphasises precision medicine, tailoring treatment to individual tumour biology. Early detection of suitable targets significantly improves treatment success rates.